The Texas town where America\u2019s oil and natural gas boom began has voted to ban fracking, in a stunning rebuke to the industry.
\nDenton, a college town on the edge of the Barnett Shale, voted by 59% to ban fracking inside the city limits, a first for any locality in Texas.
\nOrganisers said they hoped it would give a boost to anti-fracking activists in other states. More than 15 million Americans now live within a mile of an oil or gas well.
\n\u201cIt should send a signal to industry that if the people in Texas \u2013 where fracking was invented \u2013 can\u2019t live with it, nobody can,\u201d said Sharon Wilson, the Texas organiser for EarthWorks, who lives in Denton.
\nAn energy group on Wednesday asked for an immediate injunction to keep the ban from being enforced. Tom Phillips, an attorney for the Texas Oil and Gas association, told the Associated Press the courts must \u201cgive a prompt and authoritative answer\u201d on whether the ban violates the Texas state constitution.
\nAthens in Ohio and San Benito and Mendocino counties in California also voted to ban fracking on Tuesday. Similar measures were defeated in Gates Mills, Kent and Youngstown, Ohio, as well as Santa Barbara, California.
\nDenton remains a solidly Republican town, and oil companies reportedly spent $700,000 to defeat the ban, according to the Denton Record-Chronicle \u2013 nearly $6 for every resident.
\n\u201cIt was more like David and Godzilla then David and Goliath,\u201d Wilson said. But she said residents were fed up with the noise and disruption of fracking, and the constant traffic and fumes from wells and trucks operating in residential neighbourhoods.
\nThe town is probably the most heavily fracked in the country.
\nThe industry has drilled wells on church property, school grounds and on the campus of the University of North Texas, right next to the tennis courts and across the road from the sports stadium (and a stand of giant wind turbines).
\nIn Texas, as in much of America, property owners do not always own the \u201cmineral rights\u201d \u2013 the rights to underground resources \u2013 so typically have limited say over how they are developed.
\nIt is also often the case that owners of the mineral rights, who profit directly from fracking, no longer live in the area.
\nThere are already hundreds of wells within Denton city limits, and nearly a third of the town is permitted for fracking. Wilson and other local activists from the Denton Drilling Awareness Group had spent years trying to get local officials to restrict fracking, but those measures proved ineffective.
\n\u201cWe did an ordinance but the industry refused to follow it and threatened law suits at every turn. They said they didn\u2019t have to follow the ordinance because of the way the permitting was done,\u201d Wilson said. \u201cThere was just no way out of it except to ban it.\u201d
\nThe ban will almost certainly result in a wave of lawsuits from oil companies as well as mineral rights owners, Wilson said. Republican officials in Texas said they would try to overturn the ban in the state legislature.
\n\u201cAs the senior energy regulator in Texas, I am disappointed that Denton voters fell prey to scare tactics and mischaracterisations of the truth in passing the hydraulic fracturing ban,\u201d the railroad commissioner, David Porter, a Republican, told the Denton Record-Chronicle. \u201cBans based on misinformation, instead of science and fact, potentially threaten this energy renaissance and as a result, the wellbeing of all Texans.\u201d<\/p>\n
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