{"id":4811,"date":"2017-02-14T23:16:04","date_gmt":"2017-02-14T21:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sabado100.com.ar\/?p=4811"},"modified":"2017-02-14T23:16:04","modified_gmt":"2017-02-14T21:16:04","slug":"lupercalias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sabado100.com.ar\/es-ar\/lupercalias\/","title":{"rendered":"Lupercalias"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por Ad\u00e1n Costa.-<\/strong> Febrero, en el antiguo calendario romano, era el \u00faltimo mes en su a\u00f1o. Todo lo que terminaba en este mes comenzaba reci\u00e9n en marzo. A mediados de febrero, una vez atravesado todo un largo a\u00f1o de cosechas, guerras, muertes y esfuerzos, se celebraban como premio, las Fiestas Lupercalias, las que ya ven\u00edan celebr\u00e1ndose desde tiempos muy remotos y arcaicos, pero la Antigua Roma las estructur\u00f3 como ritual. Su nombre deriva de lupus (lobo, animal que representa al dios Fauno que tom\u00f3 el sobrenombre de Luperco) e hircus (macho cabr\u00edo, un animal impuro). Una congregaci\u00f3n especial de hombres, los \u201clupercos\u201d (amigos del lobo) eran elegidos anualmente entre los ciudadanos m\u00e1s ilustres de la ciudad. Deb\u00edan ser en su origen adolescentes que durante el tiempo de su iniciaci\u00f3n en la edad adulta sobreviv\u00edan de la caza y el merodeo en el bosque. Es decir, aptos para la procreaci\u00f3n y la guerra.
\nEra por aquel entonces un tiempo en que se comportaban como \u201clobos humanos\u201d. Bajo la sombra de una higuera, llamada Ruminalis, comenzaba la fiesta con una ceremonia oficiada por un sacerdote en la que se inmolaba una cabra. Despu\u00e9s ese mismo sacerdote tocaba la frente de los \u201clupercos\u201d con el cuchillo te\u00f1ido con la sangre del sacrificio y a continuaci\u00f3n borraba la mancha con un mech\u00f3n de lana impregnada en leche de cabra. \u00c9ste era el preciso momento en que los \u201clupercos\u201d prorrump\u00edan en una carcajada de inicio del ritual. A continuaci\u00f3n se formaba una procesi\u00f3n con todos los hombres presentes, todos necesariamente desnudos, que portaban unas tiras o correas hechas con la piel de la cabra reci\u00e9n inmolada y con ellas azotaban manos y espaldas de las mujeres que encontraban en el camino dispuestas a ser parte de la ceremonia.
\nExtrapolado, sin su sentido esc\u00e9nico o lit\u00fargico, a nuestros tiempos actuales de violencia de g\u00e9nero, podr\u00eda ser pensado como una abominable aberraci\u00f3n machista. De alg\u00fan modo, era este un ritual para la fecundidad, la fertilidad y el disfrute plenos de la sexualidad. Era esta una celebraci\u00f3n que as\u00ed iniciada luego desencadenaba en una marat\u00f3n de intercambio de sexo, hombres con hombres, hombres y mujeres, mujeres con mujeres. En el fondo, ven\u00eda a significar en la sexualidad, el triunfo de la vida sobre la muerte.
\nMucho tiempo despu\u00e9s, la Iglesia Cat\u00f3lica, seguramente guiada por una finalidad de profilaxis y organizaci\u00f3n social en unidades conyugales, hacia fines del siglo V no pudo prohibir las Lupercalias, ya que era una pr\u00e1ctica profundamente arraigada y representada en el pueblo, dentro y fuera de las celebraciones. Por lo tanto se pleg\u00f3 a ellas, pero cambiando su car\u00e1cter y rumbo. El papa Gelasio exhum\u00f3 un m\u00e1rtir de los tiempos de la persecuci\u00f3n de los cristianos en el siglo III, llamado Valentino, lo hizo santo y dijo que a partir de ese momento las fiestas iban a ser en su honor, atenuando los aspectos orgi\u00e1sicos y aumentando los aspectos de la fertilidad, procreaci\u00f3n y uni\u00f3n conyugal.
\nFaltaba bastante tiempo todav\u00eda, para la llegada a nuestras costumbres de Occidente para que se consume el ideal del amor monog\u00e1mico, conquistado reci\u00e9n entre los siglos XVII y XIX, donde el amor deb\u00eda ser exclusivamente entre dos personas de diferente sexo. Esto fue posible despu\u00e9s de incesantes pr\u00e9dicas culturales sazonadas por el lado ingenuo o id\u00edlico, por valores \u00e9picos, de protecci\u00f3n y rom\u00e1nticos; pero, por el otro lado, por un costado tan sombr\u00edo y coactivo como efectivo, con amplios sentimientos de culpa, se\u00f1alamiento social, angustia, posesividad y celos. Este ideal de uni\u00f3n monog\u00e1mica, quiz\u00e1s m\u00e1s declamado que practicado, rige hasta hoy en much\u00edsimas de nuestras relaciones afectivas.
\nNo obstante transcurri\u00f3, a su vez, mucho tiempo desde las \u00e9pocas de las Lupercalias y la \u00e9poca del papa Gelasio, para que los norteamericanos realicen una nueva y poderosa inversi\u00f3n simb\u00f3lico-cultural. Transformaron esa celebraci\u00f3n (primero arcaica, luego pagana, posteriormente religiosa) en una mercanc\u00eda imposible de no ser consumida, como se la conoce, tambi\u00e9n, por estos d\u00edas.<\/p>\n

14 de febrero de 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Ad\u00e1n Costa.- Febrero, en el antiguo calendario romano, era el \u00faltimo mes en su a\u00f1o. Todo lo que terminaba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[5572],"class_list":["post-4811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cultura-y-sociedad","tag-lupercalias"],"yoast_head":"\nLupercalias - Sabado 100<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sabado100.com.ar\/es-ar\/lupercalias\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lupercalias - Sabado 100\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Ad\u00e1n Costa.- Febrero, en el antiguo calendario romano, era el \u00faltimo mes en su a\u00f1o. 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